Paediatrics is an area within medicine which deals with the development, health and diseases of children. It too examines the treatment and prevention of diseases; it focuses upon normal growth, children growth and behavioral aspects of children’s health. It imposes study categorically, that is, by involving gathered theory and practical held in different fields of interest. Out of the practices carried out as a way of study, evidence have been gathered that shows solutions and they real work. This study focuses from the health issues within a child body to physical outlay. Any disorder realized is taken into account and a study of the same is induced to provide reliable solution of that disorder.
The investigation to be carried mainly will consider infants and merely children. The results will be analyzed and possible outcome discussed in detail. The evidences to be discussed are; managing deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), managing Nocturnal Enuresis and managing childhood obesity respectively. Areas where investigation will be carried out are schools and residential areas. I shall focus on taking young children as my evidence in presenting the listed disorders.
One of the well elaborate evidence was outlined from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) which is the common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Some 7% of children in school age have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and boys are affected three times as frequently as girls. Between 18%and 35% of affected children have an additional psychiatric disorder. Stimulants and tricyclic antidepressants are effective treatment for the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. With time the symptoms diminishes, in up to half of the children the disorder still remain up to adolescence or adulthood. Its signs are impulsiveness, hyperactivity and inattention beyond the normal age of the child. There should be a regular diagnosis of this disorder in children with behavioral problems. Although the diagnosis will only be reliable with a standardized approach, takes care about the disorder often arise (Stein, 24 Nov 2004). Green outdoor activities reduce symptoms significantly more than did activities conducted in other settings, even when activities were matched across settings. Green outdoor settings reduce ADHD symptoms in children across a wide range of individuals (Health, 2004).
The other evidence is based on Nocturnal Enuresis. A ten year old boy is brought with an issue of bedwetting. He is dry during the day. Earlier treatment has been desmopressin once he was out in the camp for two nights and proved to be dry but slept too little. So the parents are not sure whether desmopressin was responsible for his dry. The wetting now starts to upset and the parents are seeking for help. Day time urinary symptoms in bedwetting child suggest an understanding bladder dysfunction rather than nocturarnal enuresis. Enuresis alarms are effective and safe treatment but require several moths of continuous use and are unstable for some people. Desmopressin and impramine both improve bedwetting. Bedwetting has got many causes: nocturnal enuresis is the most frequency cause and it is recognized by the absence of other urinary diseases. Most children presenting with nocturnal enursis have never been dry. If day time bedwetting occurs, the child is most likely had urge syndrome. Either or not urge incontinence as well as disturbances resulting to incontinence (Evans, 2001). From a clinical investigation carried out to study the treatment of nocturnal enuresis showed that Enuresis Alarm reduces the number of wet nights during treatment and increases treatment success rates. (Makari, 2006)
Evidence based on childhood obesity with a child has too provided some good material. A patient of a ten year old boy is very overweight and brought by his mother with normal weight but the father is overweight. And he is the only son. The boy’s behavior is reported to be deteriorating and become isolated from the peer. The mother has tried different diet but has not helped instead adding up weight. Young obese child should be maintain or gain weight slowly rather than lose weight. Healthy eating habits are better than restricting diet and sustainable lifestyle practices should be encouraged. Psychosocial problems are the major causes of overweight. Out of the world health report in 1998, the societal and environmental factors promote weight gain. (Elliot, 2001). Childhood obesity can cause social problems, psychological and health problems and later linked to poor adult health. Becoming obese is strongly linked to in appropriate diet and nutrition and poor physical activity.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment still not yet fully brought to conclusion. Still studies and research are being held to ensure there are measures to this disorder. But physical measures have been strongly involved as a way of treating this disorder. This is because the causes of this disorder are majorly arising from the physical perspective of the child out of the research based on physical exercises, it showed that ADHD reduces significantly. Nocturnal Enuresis is another disorder that has also taken much of time in order all researches to come to a uniform conclusion. Nocturnal enuresis is the major cause of bedwetting and is triggered by other bladder diseases. Enuresis alarm reduces bedwetting nights and eventually the disorder treatment achieved. Obesity has majorly caused by psychological and health problems. Proper diet, physical activity and good health care should basically take into consideration in order to avoid obesity in the growing child. Once a child has become obese, proper diet should be observed as well as physical activities increased compared to initially. This will altogether enable the child achieve normal body size.
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